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.Cómo citar este artículo:
Peña, L. & Patiño, L. (Enero – Diciembre 2022). Orígenes y Secuelas de la Deserción Universitaria; Modelo Matemático con las Variables más Frecuentes que Pueden Contribuir a Determinar el
Perl del Estudiante a Abandonar los Estudios. Tierra Innita (8), 145-157. https://doi.org/10.32645/26028131.1159
ORÍGENES Y SECUELAS DE LA DESERCIÓN
UNIVERSITARIA; MODELO MATEMÁTICO
CON LAS VARIABLES MÁS FRECUENTES
QUE PUEDEN CONTRIBUIR A DETERMINAR
EL PERFIL DEL ESTUDIANTE A ABANDONAR
LOS ESTUDIOS
149
Para Yacelga, B. Yépez, B. (2010), los orígenes de la deserción están relacionados con:
La incidencia de los problemas económicos, causas individuales, vocacionales, depresión
en estudiantes de enfermería, generalmente interrelacionados con problemas familiares, el estado
civil, escolaridad del padre, ciertas deciencias pedagógicas del docente, dicultad de los cursos,
así como estudiar y trabajar a la vez (p. 67).
La depresión es un problema de atención inmediata que se origina por no poder atender
adecuadamente las necesidades del hogar y se vuelve más aguda cuando está de por medio las
deciencias pedagógicas del docente, lo cual hace más difícil el aprendizaje de las ciencias; más
todavía cuando el alumno tiene responsabilidades familiares que lo obligan a trabajar y estudiar.
Para Escobar Terán, H., Parra Silva, P. A., & Flores Jaén, M. P. (2020). Los orígenes de la
deserción son los “problemas de embarazo (…), además de los económicos y la limitada orientación
vocacional” (pp.1-41). Sin embargo, para Sánchez, B. Montenegro, O. ((2018); ese fenómeno
comprende dos aspectos: “La académica que está asociada con el bajo rendimiento de los
estudiantes y la no académica que surge por otros aspectos que pueden ser familiares, sociales,
económicos, culturales, personales y psicológicos” (p.9). Finalmente, Laborda, C. (2016); considera
que el abandono se debe a que los alumnos “no ingresan a la carrera que desean (…), y además
provienen de estratos económicos bajos (…) y consecuentemente es una desventaja al ingresar a
carreras con estudiantes de clases sociales altas” (p.7).
Hace falta entonces, que en el nivel inicial de la carrera se incluya en la malla curricular
contenidos de educación sexual para que los estudiantes tengan conocimientos cientícos de
cómo evitar embarazos prematuros que pudieran contribuir al abandono de los estudios; en forma
general el bajo rendimiento académico está asociado a metodologías desactualizadas que terminan
cansando al docente y desmotivando al estudiante. Para atender los problemas no académicos,
las IES deben estructurar adecuadamente los Departamentos de Bienestar Universitario para que
contribuyan a solucionar los problemas familiares, sociales, culturales, personales y económicos;
además de ayudarles en la selección de la carrera.
Sin embargo, Torres, J., Acevedo, D. y Gallo, L. (2015). consideran que:
La deserción se asocia comúnmente al desempleo a largo plazo, la pobreza, las perspectivas
sombrías de salud, la dependencia prolongada de la asistencia pública, la maternidad individual, la
apatía, y a la delincuencia común (Cabus y De Witte 2011; Bjerk, 2012). Sin embargo, otros autores,
han argumentado, que es un poco ingenuo hacer este tipo de asociaciones, ya que no implica
necesariamente causalidad (Guimarães & Sampaion, 2010; Cratty, 2012). De hecho, es cada vez
más reconocido que se requiere precaución en la interpretación de tales correlaciones, ya que, la
decisión de abandonar la escuela puede ser impulsada por factores exógenos, o incluso puede ser
el resultado de defectos sistémicos, más que los factores intrínsecos de los jóvenes implicados (De
Witte & Rogge, 2013) (p.5).
Esto mismos autores organizan el tema en dos grupos:
En el primero colocan a los agentes extraescolares, como: “la situación socioeconómica, las
condiciones laborales, y por ende las horas de dedicación al estudio, además del contexto familiar”; y
en el segundo colocan los factores intra escolares como “los problemas motivacionales, personales
y psico-afectivos, sentimientos de frustración, desorientación vocacional, baja autoestima y la
adaptación al medio; problemas de desempeño académico, como el bajo rendimiento,
la mala conducta y dicultades asociadas a la edad”, entre otros (Archambault, Janosz, Fallu, &