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INFLUENCIA DE LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN
DE LA GAMIFICACIÓN COMO
MÉTODO DE ENSEÑANZA PARA EL
DESARROLLO DE HABILIDADES
SOCIALES EN NIÑOS DE 3 A 4 AÑOS
..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Cómo citar este artículo:
Naranjo, C. & Paguay, D., (Enero – Diciembre 2023). Inuencia de la implementación de la gamicación como método de enseñanza para
el desarrollo de habilidades sociales en niños de 3 a 4 años. Tierra Innita (9), 65-79. https://doi.org/10.32645/26028131.1243
Introducción
Las relaciones interpersonales se instauran como un aspecto primordial en la vida de los
individuos, pero no todas las personas pueden relacionarse adecuadamente con los demás,
siendo este apartado una problemática, puesto que el relacionarse con otras personas, no es algo
innato (Ballena Gómez, 2010). Varios autores coinciden en que una de las técnicas que aporta
al fortalecimiento de habilidades sociales es la incorporación de la lúdica mediante actividades
gamicadas, sobre todo en infantes (Beleño Bassa, 2022; Jamebozorg y Mehdi Sarkeshikiyan,
2023; Morales-Escareño et al., 2022); por lo que se recomienda implementar la gamicación
en el proceso de enseñanza.
La conceptualización de la gamicación está estrechamente relacionada con varias teorías
educativas, en las que se pueden mencionar a autores como Rousseau, Skinner o Pestalozzi,
quienes ya abordaban aspectos vinculados al juego (Valero Martínez, 2018). Con el transcurso
del tiempo, la sociedad ha experimentado cambios signicativos. En el año 2011, surgió el
término “gamicación”, un anglicismo derivado de la palabra “gamication”, originado en el
ámbito empresarial con el propósito de delizar a los clientes (Brasó, 2018).
En este contexto, es esencial comprender la conceptualización de la gamicación. Según
Iquise Aroni y Rivera Rojas (2020), la gamicación se dene como la utilización de la psicología
del juego en diversas áreas a través del entretenimiento. Este enfoque permite la apropiación
del conocimiento, ya que implica un proceso de aprendizaje dentro del ámbito educativo que
conduce a la mejora de habilidades.
Según diversos autores, la gamicación se ha vuelto indispensable en las relaciones
interpersonales y la interacción con el entorno debido a su dinámica metodológica, que incluye el
reconocimiento de logros y reglas establecidas (Cebrera Quiroz et al., 2020; Iquise Aroni y Rivera
Rojas, 2020; Reina et al., 2023). Además, consideran que el utilizar recursos de entretenimiento
o lúdicos permite desenvolver diferentes habilidades sociales (García Hernández et al., 2021;
Jamebozorg y Mehdi Sarkeshikiyan, 2023a; Ramos Morales, 2022), mejora la cognición (Park
y Kim, 2021) y facilita un aprendizaje signicativo (Macey y Hamari, 2022; Reina et al., 2023).
A su vez, es importante conceptualizar a las habilidades sociales, Cevallos (2015) lo
describe como la agrupación de comportamientos aprendidos y adquiridos, que le ayudan al
sujeto a interactuar en un entorno individual, como también en un interpersonal, en donde
puede expresar de acuerdo a la situación, opiniones, sentimientos, actitudes, deseos, entre
otros. Se puede citar unos ejemplos claros sobre las habilidades de interacción social, son
acciones como: sonreír, saludar, ser cortés y ser amable (Flores Mamani, E., García Tejada,
M., Calsina Ponce, W., y Yapucura Cayco, A. 2016). El establecer las habilidades sociales
permite a las personas crear relaciones humanas mediante la interacción del contexto en el que
se desarrolle, la infancia corresponde a la etapa más importante en el desarrollo de capacidades
interpersonales, este proceso vinculativo y afectivo, les permite aprender, y así logran denir la
personalidad, desarrollándose de manera armónica e integral (Ballena Gómez, 2010).
Se han llevado a cabo numerosos estudios sobre el tema propuesto, de los cuales se
destacan los más relevantes. En Colombia, Beleño Bassa (2022) demostró en su investigación
que la creación de entornos de aprendizaje gamicados fortalece habilidades y competencias
socioemocionales. Esta mejora en las habilidades socioemocionales se traduce en un mejor