Analysis of bioethical principles in cases of euthanasia requests involving amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Abstract

Individuals afflicted with severe amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) endure significant anguish, prompting many to seek euthanasia, the intentional cessation of life. ALS predominantly induces increasing muscular weakness, dysarthria, dysphagia, and dyspnea. The mortality rate ranges from 22% to 34% within one year of diagnosis, with an average life expectancy of three to five years. In nations where euthanasia is permitted, like Belgium, Spain, Colombia, and Ecuador, instances exist of people requesting this option owing to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Objective: To examine the bioethical concepts relevant to euthanasia requests in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through a documentary inquiry. The methodology encompasses exploratory, descriptive, and documentary research. Results: The predominant bioethical principles in Belgium and Spain were autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence; in Colombia, these values were partially upheld, while in Ecuador, they were not satisfied. The euthanasia request encompassed medical, legal, and ethical dimensions. The cases may impact future medical practice by promoting equitable and compassionate evaluations for people with severe and terminal illnesses. Additionally, potential avenues for future research may be proposed, concentrating on suffering and end-of-life choices. The motivations prompting individuals to seek euthanasia in the context of neurological illnesses warrant comprehensive examination.