Impact of the Energy Crisis on the Sustainability and Resilience of MSMEs in Imbabura

Abstract

The energy crisis experienced in Ecuador significantly affected the operational continuity and economic performance of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), particularly in territories highly dependent on electricity supply. This study aimed to analyze the perceived effects of the energy crisis on the economic and operational sustainability of MSMEs in the province of Imbabura, as well as the resilience strategies implemented to cope with power supply interruptions. The research adopted a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design and a descriptive scope. Data obtained through a survey administered to 333 owners and managers of MSMEs operating in the commercial, industrial, and service sectors were analyzed. The information was processed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, to identify patterns of impact and business responses. The results revealed declines in revenue and profits, disruptions to production processes, increased operating costs, and difficulties in maintaining business continuity. In response, firms mainly reorganized work schedules, optimized resources, digitized processes, and used alternative energy sources. However, the adoption of renewable energy solutions remained limited because of financial constraints and insufficient institutional incentives. The study concludes that the energy crisis increased the vulnerability of MSMEs and highlighted the need to strengthen business planning, access to financing, and public policies aimed at promoting the energy transition, sustainability, and organizational resilience. These measures are essential to improve firms’ adaptive capacity, protect their competitiveness, and support their continuity in the face of future energy disruptions.