Safe Border Strategic Plan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32645/13906925.1452Keywords:
Northern border, Security, Organized crime, Governance, Binational cooperationAbstract
The northern border of Ecuador constitutes a geostrategic area of high complexity and national relevance, where social, economic, political, and criminal dynamics converge—conditioning both internal stability and the State’s international projection. Its border with Colombia makes it simultaneously a zone of contact and constant tension, where security challenges transcend administrative boundaries and demand comprehensive, sustainable, and coordinated responses across different levels of government.
Historically, this region has been the scene of structural processes of inequality, social exclusion, and limited institutional presence. The absence of sustained public policies has generated governance gaps that have been exploited by transnational criminal networks engaged in drug trafficking, goods smuggling, illegal mining, human and arms trafficking, as well as by remnants of irregular armed groups that cross the border to operate within Ecuadorian territory. These factors—combined with deficiencies in infrastructure, employment, and access to basic services—have fostered conditions of social vulnerability and state weakness.
This Policy Paper analyzes the main risk and vulnerability factors affecting Ecuador’s northern border, based on a comprehensive approach that integrates perspectives of security, development, and governance. It identifies institutional gaps in territorial control, intelligence capacity, inter-institutional coordination, and judicial response to organized crime. Likewise, it examines the impact of limited binational cooperation in controlling cross-border crimes.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Alex Fernando Trujillo Ortiz

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